IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)

IVF is the most effective fertility treatment available. The basic steps are: (1) ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins to grow multiple follicles; (2) transvaginal egg retrieval under sedation; (3) fertilization of mature eggs in the embryology lab (conventional insemination or ICSI); (4) embryo culture for 5–6 days to the blastocyst stage; and (5) embryo transfer to the uterus, either fresh or in a subsequent FET cycle.

Worldwide, more than 8 million babies have been born from IVF. Success rates vary by age, ovarian reserve, embryo quality, and clinic expertise. Add-ons like PGT-A, ERA, or endometrial scratch are offered at many clinics with varying evidence levels. IVF is indicated for tubal factor, severe male factor, endometriosis, diminished ovarian reserve, and many cases of unexplained infertility.