Uterine Septum

A uterine septum is the most common congenital uterine anomaly, occurring in about 2–3% of the general population. It results from incomplete resorption of the Müllerian ducts during fetal development, leaving a band of fibrous or muscular tissue dividing part or all of the uterine cavity.

Septa have poor blood supply, making it difficult for an embryo to implant on them. A complete septum reaching the cervix dramatically increases miscarriage risk; even partial septa are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss and preterm birth.

Diagnosis is made with 3D ultrasound, MRI, SIS, or hysteroscopy. Treatment is hysteroscopic septum resection, which is associated with significantly improved pregnancy outcomes.